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  • License MIT

Cloudflare Workers Topic-based GraphQL Subscriptions

Package Exports

  • graphql-workers-subscriptions

Readme

Cloudflare Workers Topic-based GraphQL Subscriptions

This library uses Cloudflare Workers, Durable Objects and D1 to provide powerful topic-based GraphQL subscriptions.

Features:

  • 👀 Easy to integrate with your existing GraphQL stack
  • 🙌 Almost no setup
  • 🔍 In-database JSON filtering
  • 🗺 Publish from anywhere
  • 🎹 Great typings
  • 🔐 Authentication
// app.ts
import { makeExecutableSchema } from "@graphql-tools/schema";
import { createYoga } from "graphql-yoga";
import {
  handleSubscriptions,
  createWsConnectionClass,
  subscribe,
  DefaultPublishableContext,
  createDefaultPublishableContext,
} from "graphql-worker-subscriptions";

export interface ENV {
  WS_CONNECTION: DurableObjectNamespace;
  SUBSCRIPTIONS: D1Database;
}

export const schema = makeExecutableSchema<DefaultPublishableContext<ENV>>({
  typeDefs: /* GraphQL */ `
    type Greeting {
      greeting: String
    }
    type Query {
      ping: String
    }
    type Subscription {
      greetings(greeting: String): Greeting
    }
    type Mutation {
      greet(greeting: String!): String
    }
  `,
  resolvers: {
    Query: {
      ping: () => "pong",
    },
    Mutation: {
      greet: async (root, args, context, info) => {
        context.publish("GREETINGS", {
          greetings: { greeting: args.greeting },
        });
        return "ok";
      },
    },
    Subscription: {
      greetings: {
        subscribe: subscribe("GREETINGS", {
          filter: (root, args, context, info) => {
            return args.greeting
              ? { greetings: { greeting: args.greeting } }
              : {};
          },
        }),
      },
    },
  },
});

const settings = {
  schema,
  wsConnection: (env: ENV) => env.WS_CONNECTION,
  subscriptionsDb: (env: ENV) => env.SUBSCRIPTIONS,
};

const yoga = createYoga<DefaultPublishableContext<ENV>>({
  schema,
  graphiql: {
    // Use WebSockets in GraphiQL
    subscriptionsProtocol: "WS",
  },
});

const baseFetch: ExportedHandlerFetchHandler<ENV> = (
  request,
  env,
  executionCtx
) =>
  yoga.handleRequest(
    request,
    createDefaultPublishableContext({
      env,
      executionCtx,
      ...settings,
    })
  );

const fetch = handleSubscriptions({
  fetch: baseFetch,
  ...settings,
  isAuthorized(req, env, exectutionCtx) {
    // authentication runs before everything else
    //  websocket authentication is handled elsewhere since custom headers are not allowed
    const isWebsocket = req.headers.get("Upgrade") === "websocket";
    return isWebsocket || true // false will return 404 response 
  },
});

export default { fetch };

export const WsConnection = createWsConnectionClass({
  ...settings,
  onConnect(ctx) {
    // your custom ws authentication
    // {req, env, socket} are available on ctx.extra
    // connect init payload available at ctx.connectionParams
    return true; // or undefined to allow connection
  },
});
# wrangler.toml
[[migrations]]
new_classes = ["WsConnection"]
tag = "v1"

[build]
# your build script
command = 'npm run build'

[[d1_databases]]
binding = "SUBSCRIPTIONS"
database_id = "877f1123-088e-43ed-8d4d-37e71c77157c"
database_name = "SUBSCRIPTIONS"
migrations_dir = "node_modules/graphql-worker-subscriptions/migrations"
preview_database_id = "877f1123-088e-43ed-8d4d-37e71c77157c"

[durable_objects]
bindings = [{name = "WS_CONNECTION", class_name = "WsConnection"}]

Deployment

# create db
wrangler d1 create SUBSCRIPTIONS
# apply migrations
wrangler d1 migrations apply SUBSCRIPTIONS
# publish
wrangler publish

Local development

# create db
wrangler d1 create SUBSCRIPTIONS --local
# apply migrations
wrangler d1 migrations apply SUBSCRIPTIONS --local
# publish
wrangler dev

Publishing from outside Cloudflare

You can use POST /publish on your Worker to publish events.

curl -X POST https://graphql-worker-subscriptions.bubblydoo.workers.dev/publish -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"topic": "GREETINGS", "payload":{"greetings": {"greeting": "hi!"}}}'

To disable this, pass isAuthorized: () => false to handleSubscriptions, or add custom authorization logic there.

Internal details

Subscriptions are stored inside D1.

The D1 database has 5 columns:

  • id (websocket message id that will be matched with the client-side subscription, a string)
  • connectionId (a Durable Object id, a string)
  • subscription (the query the subscriber has requested, a JSON string)
  • topic (a string)
  • filter (the filter against which payloads are checked, a JSON string or null)

The Durable Object has a reference to the WebSocket, which can then be used to publish data to.

Filters are compared in-database using:

SELECT * FROM Subscriptions WHERE topic = ?1 AND (filter is null OR json_patch(?2, filter) = ?2);

with ?1: topic and ?2: payload.

Contributing

Check out this repo, then run:

yarn

yarn build

Then link the package to your project (you can take the example as start).

Bundling issue

Due to the dual package hazard in GraphQL (see this issue) you might get duplicate "graphql" modules cannot be used at the same time errors.

This is because both the CJS and ESM version of graphql are loaded.

In that case, you might have to bundle yourself. When using esbuild, the option --resolve-extensions=.mts,.mjs,.ts,.js,.json works. See the build-app script in package.json for an example.

Credits 🙏

This project was inspired by cloudflare-worker-graphql-ws-template and subscriptionless.