any-db - a less-opinionated database abstraction layer.

Synopsis

(There's a more detailed API section below)

var anyDB = require('any-db')
var dbURL = 'driver://user:pass@hostname/database'

Establish a connection

var conn = anyDB.createConnection(dbURL)

Make queries

var sql = 'SELECT * FROM my_table'
conn.query(sql).on('row', function (row) {})  // evented
conn.query(sql, function (error, result) {})  // or callback

Use bound parameters

sql += ' WHERE my_column = ?'
conn.query(sql, [42])                         // again, evented
conn.query(sql, [42], function (err, res) {}) // or callback
conn.end()                                    // close a connection

Start a transaction

var tx = conn.begin()             // Can also take a callback
tx.on('error', function (err) {}) // Emitted for unhandled query errors
tx.query(...)                     // same interface as connections, plus...
tx.commit()                       // takes an optional callback for errors
tx.rollback()                     // this too

Create a connection pool that maintains 2-20 connections

var pool = anyDB.createPool(dbURL, {min: 2, max: 20})

pool.query(...)       // perform a single query, same API as connection
var tx = pool.begin() // start a transaction, again, same API as connection
pool.close()          // close the pool (call when your app should exit)

Description

The purpose of this library is to provide a consistent API for the commonly used functionality of SQL database drivers, while avoiding altering driver behaviour as much as possible.

The long-term goal of this project is to serve as the testing ground for finding a suitable common interface, then (hopefully) convincing driver implementors to support it natively. In short, any-db hopes to prove it's usefulness well enough that most of it can be obviated by the drivers themselves.

Things it does

• Supports MySQL, Postgres, and SQLite3 as equally as possible. (More driver support is very much welcomed!)
• Parses connection parameters from URLs: driver://user:pass@host/database
• Streams results or gets them all at once, using an interface almost identical to the existing interfaces of the MySQL and Postgres drivers.
• Simple connection pooling including the ability to execute queries against the pool directly for auto-release behaviour. E.g. this will never leak connections: pool.query("SELECT 1", function (err, results) { ... })
• Exposes a uniform transaction API.

Things it will do soon

• Have more and more tests.

Things it might do (feedback needed!)

• Wrap errors.
• Provide a common result set API.

Things it will never do

• Add it's own query helper methods like .first or .fetchAll
• Include any sort SQL string building. You might want to try my other library gesundheit, or one of the many alternatives for that. (send me pull requests to list your libs here)

Install

npm install --save any-db
npm install --save {pg,mysql,sqlite3}

Contributing

For ideas that would change an existing API or behaviour please open an issue to propose the change before spending time on implementing it. I know it's hard (I code-first-ask-questions-later way too frequently 😄) but I'd really hate for anybody to put their time into something that won't be merged.

I'm not terribly picky about code-formatting, but please try and keep lines under 80 characters long if you can help it.

API

exports.createConnection

require('any-db').createConnection(dbURL, [callback])

Create a connection object from a dbURL of the form driver://user:pass@hostname/databasename where driver is one of "mysql", "postgres", or "sqlite3". If a callback is given, it will be called with either an error or the established connection: callback(error, conn). Additional connection settings can be included as query parameters in the URL. The returned will conform to the Connection API detailed below.

See also: Driver-specific notes for Postgres.

exports.createPool

require('any-db').createPool(dbUrl, [poolOpts])

Create a new ConnectionPool and return it immediately. See the createConnection docs for an explanation of the dbURL parameter. poolOpts may be an object with any of the following keys:

• min: 2

  The minimum number of connections to keep open in the pool.

• max: 10

  The maximum number of connections to allow in the pool.

• onConnect: function (conn, done) { done(null, conn) }

  Called immediately after a connection is first established. Use this to do one-time setup of new connections. You must call done(error, connection) for the connection to actually make it into the pool.

• reset: function (conn, done) { done(null) },

  Called each time the connection is returned to the pool. Use this to restore your connection to it's original state (e.g. rollback transactions, set the user or encoding).

See ConnectionPool below for the API of the returned object.

Connection

Connection objects returned by createConnection or ConnectionPool.acquire are guaranteed to have the methods and events listed here, but the connection objects of various drivers may have additional methods or emit additional events. If you need to access a feature of your database is not described here (such as Postgres' server-side prepared statements), consult the documentation for the database driver.

Connection Events

• 'error', err - Emitted when there is a connection-level error.
• 'close' - Emitted when the connection has been closed.

Connection.query

Execute a SQL statement, using bound parameters if they are given, and return a Query object for the in-progress query. If callback is given it will be called with any errors or an object representing the query results (callback(error, results)). The returned Query object and the result object passed to the callback may have extra driver-specific properties and events.

Callback-style

conn.query('SELECT * FROM my_table', function (err, res) {
  if (err) return console.error(err)
  res.rows.forEach(console.log)
  console.log('All done!')
})

EventEmitter-style

conn.query('SELECT * FROM my_table')
  .on('error', console.error)
  .on('row', console.log)
  .on('end', function () { console.log('All done!') })

Connection.begin

var tx = conn.begin([callback])

Start a new transaction and return a Transaction object to manage it. If callback is given it will be called with any errors encountered starting the transaction and the transaction object itself: callback(error, transaction). See also: the Transaction API.

Callback-style

conn.begin(function (err, transaction) {
    if (err) return console.error(err)
    // Do work using transaction
})

var transaction = conn.begin()
transaction.on('error', console.error)
// Do work using transaction, queries are queued until transaction successfully
// starts.

Connection.end

conn.end([callback])

Close the database connection. If callback is given it will be called after the connection has closed.

Query

Query objects are returned by the .query(...) methods of connections, pools, and transctions. Like connections, query objects are created by the drivers themselves and may have more methods and events than are described here.

Query Events

• 'error', err - Emitted if the query results in an error.
• 'row', row - Emitted for each row in the queries result set.
• 'end', [res] - Emitted when the query completes.

ConnectionPool

ConnectionPool instances are created with createPool.

any-db-pool

ConnectionPool.query

var query = pool.query(stmt, [params], [callback])

Acts exactly like Connection.query by automatically acquiring a connection and releasing it when the query completes.

ConnectionPool.begin

var tx = pool.begin([callback])

Acts exactly like Connection.begin, but the underlying connection is returned to the pool when the transaction commits or rolls back.

ConnectionPool.acquire

pool.acquire(function (err, conn) { ... })

Remove a connection from the pool. If you use this method you must return the connection back to the pool using ConnectionPool.release.

ConnectionPool.release

pool.release(conn)

Return a connection to the pool. This should only be called with connections you've manually acquired, and you must not continue to use the connection after releasing it.

ConnectionPool.close

Stop giving out new connections, and close all existing database connections as they are returned to the pool.

ConnectionPool events

• 'close' - emitted when the connection pool has closed all of it connections after a call to close().

Transaction

Transaction objects wrap a Connection so that all queries take place within a single database transaction. Queries that error will cause the database transaction to automatically rollback. If a query has no callback, the transaction will handle (and re-emit) 'error' events for that query. This enables handling errors for the entire transaction in a single place.

Transaction.query

var q = tx.query(stmt, [params], [callback])

Acts exactly like Connection.query except queries are guaranteed to be performed within the transaction. If the transaction has been committed or rolled back further calls to query will fail.

Transaction.commit

tx.commit([callback])

Issue a COMMIT statement to the database. If a callback is given it will be called with any errors after the COMMIT statement completes. The transaction object itself will be unusable after calling commit().

Transaction.rollback

tx.rollback([callback])

The same as Transaction.commit but issues a ROLLBACK. Again, the transaction will be unusable after calling this method.

Transaction events

• 'committed' - Emitted after the transaction has successfully committed.

• 'rolled back' - Emitted after the transaction has rolled back.

• 'error', err - Emitted under three conditions:

  1. There was an error acquiring a connection.
  2. Any query performed in this transaction emits an error that would otherwise go unhandled.
  3. Any of query, commit, or rollback are called after the connection has already been committed or rolled back.

  Note that the 'error' event may be emitted multiple times! depending on the callback you are registering, you way want to wrap it using once.

Transaction Example

Here's an example where we stream all of our user ids, check them against an external abuse-monitoring service, and flag or delete users as necessary, if for any reason we only get part way through, the entire transaction is rolled back and nobody is flagged or deleted:

var tx = pool.begin()

tx.on('error', finished)

/*
Why query with the pool and not the transaction?
Because it allows the transaction queries to begin executing immediately,
rather than queueing them all up behind the initial SELECT.
*/
pool.query('SELECT id FROM users').on('row', function (user) {
    if (tx.state() == 'rolled back') return
    abuseService.checkUser(user.id, function (err, result) {
        if (err) return tx.handleError(err)
        // Errors from these queries will propagate up to the transaction object
        if (result.flag) {
            tx.query('UPDATE users SET abuse_flag = 1 WHERE id = $1', [user.id])
        } else if (result.destroy) {
            tx.query('DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1', [user.id])
        }
    })
}).on('error', function (err) {
    tx.handleError(err)
}).on('end', function () {
    tx.commit(finished)
})

function finished (err) {
    if (err) console.error(err)
    else console.log('All done!')
}

Driver-specific notes

Postgres

If you have issues using the native backend for the pg driver on your platform, you can force anyDB to use the pure-JavaScript like so:

var anyDB = require('any-db')
anyDB.adapters.postgres.forceJS = true

You must do the above before you create any connections or connection pools.

SQLite3

You can include any of the SQLite3 mode flags as query parameters in your database URL. So if you wanted to open your database in read-only mode for example, just append ?OPEN_READONLY to the URL. The available flags are documented in this SQLite3 wiki page.

License

MIT